LED TVs and the Future of Light Emitting Diodes

LEDs have come a long way since the early days of lighting up digital clock faces. In the 2000s, LCD TVs took over the high definition market and represented a huge step over old standard definition CRT televisions. LCD displays were even a major step above HD rear-projection sets that weighed well over 100 pounds ( 45.4 kilos). Now LEDs are poised to make a similar jump. While LCDs are far thinner and lighter than massive rear-projection sets, they still use cold cathode fluorescent tubes to project a white light onto the pixels that make up the screen. Those add weight and thickness to the television set. LEDs solve both problems.
Have you ever seen a a gigantic flatscreen TV barely an inch thick? If you have, you've seen an LED television. Here's where the acronyms get a bit confusing: those LED TVs are still LCD TVs, because the screens themselves are comprised of liquid crystals. Technically, they're LED-backlit LCD TVs. Instead of fluorescent tubes, LEDs shine light from behind the screen, illuminating the pixels to create an image. Due to the small size and low power consumption of LEDs, LED-backlit TVs are far thinner than regular LCD sets and are also more energy efficient. They can also provide a wider color gamut, producing more vivid pictures.
Because LED TVs are still in their infancy, several different types of LED-blacklit sets are on the market -- and not all LED TVs are created equal. Many sets use white LED edge lighting to shine light across the display. The only real advantage afforded by these sets is thinness. RGB LED-backlit sets, on the other hand, provide improved color. Some configurations even allow for a technique called local dimming, where LEDs in different parts of the display can be brightened or dimmed independently to create a more dynamic picture [source: LED Tele]. And that highlights one more great advantage of LEDs over compact fluorescent lights: Because the LEDs can actually be instantly toggled on and off, they produce awesome black levels in dark scenes. Since the white fluorescent lamps have to remain on during TV use, some light tends to bleed through and lighten the picture in dark scenes.
In the future, some of the most incredible uses of LEDs will actually come from organic light emitting diodes, or OLEDs. The organic materials used to create these semiconductors are flexible, allowing scientists to create bendable lights and displays. Someday, OLEDs will pave the way for the next generation of TVs and smart phones -- can you imagine rolling your TV up like a poster and carrying it with you anywhere?

Aggregation

Aggregation is an important concept in database design where composite objects can be modelled during the design of database applications. Therefore, preserving the aggregation concept in database implementation is essential. In this paper, we propose models for implementation of aggregation in an Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) through the use of index clusters and nested tables. ORDBMS is a commercial Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), like Oracle, which support some object-oriented concepts.
Aggregation represents abstract entities by allowing relationship between relationships. As you work with ER Diagrams you will come across the need for certain type of entities that are overlapping. For example, an 'Employee' 'works-on' a 'branch'. An 'Employee' 'manages' some tasks. The 'Works-on' entity here can be abstracted via the use ofaggregation. This is represented in a ER diagram by a diamond shape.

making animated charts in vb

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A simple example: Creating a pie chart
1. Create a Visual Basic project.

2. Open the component window using CTRL + T or by selecting the ‘Component’ option from the ‘Project’ menu. Next, select FusionCharts for VB, and then click ‘Apply’ and finally the ‘OK’ button.

 

3. Notice, that a FusionCharts icon has now been added to the toolbox.

 

4. Double click the FusionCharts icon – a chart control will be added to the Form, with a 3D column chart displayed by default. FusionCharts for VB supports multiple data input methods - from XML string (called dataXML method), XML file (called dataURL method), using individual data input, arrays and from databases too.
Since I said this will be a simple example, we will be taking a look at only the dataXML and Individual Data input method. And we will use the other methods in other examples later on in the tutorial.
5. Add the following three buttons to the Form: 

Control	Name	Caption
Command1	cmdIndividualData	&Individual data
Command2	cmdXMLString	XML &String
Command3	cmdExit	E&xit

6. Switch to the code view and enter the following code in the code window.

Private Sub cmdExit_Click()
    End
End Sub

Private Sub cmdIndividualData_Click()
    FusionCharts1.ChartType = pie3d
    FusionCharts1.Data.setChartParams "caption=Match Score; xAxisName=Player Name;yAxisName=Score"
    FusionCharts1.Data.addChartData "90", "label=David"
    FusionCharts1.Data.addChartData "70", "label=Josh"
    FusionCharts1.Data.addChartData "80", "label=Brain"
    FusionCharts1.RenderChart
End Sub

Private Sub cmdXMLString_Click()
    Dim XML As String
    XML = "<chart caption='Match Score' xAxisName='Player Name' yAxisName='Score'><set value='90' label='David' /><set value='70' label='Josh' /><set value='85' label='Brain' /></chart>"
    FusionCharts1.ChartType = pie3d
    FusionCharts1.setDataXML = XML
End Sub

7. Press F5 to run the project - the following screen will be displayed. The screen doesn’t display a chart as data is yet to be loaded.

8. Click on ‘Using Function’ or ‘XML String’ button – a 3D pie chart will be displayed.

 

Advantages of monte carlo method

Advantages and Disadvantages
of Monte Carlo Simulation
Compared to the exact analytical or mathematical model:
+ Makes it possible to study more complicated models,
which do not have an analytical solution (or solution is
difficult)
+ Don’t have to make as many simplifying assumptions—
get more flexible models that can be more valid
+ Can include randomness in a controlled way
+ Correlations and other inter-dependencies can be included
+ Changes to the model are quite easy and quick to do
- Don’t get simple formulas, which could help to
understand the system
- Don’t get exact answers—only estimates, which Include
uncertainty - that should also be estimated


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nandini-return type in VB

Here's the formal syntax for functions you use the Function statement:

[ <attrlist> ] [{ Overloads | Overrides | Overridable | 
NotOverridable | MustOverride | Shadows | Shared }]
[{ Public | Protected | Friend | Protected Friend | 
Private }] Function name[(arglist)] [ As type ]
[ Implements interface.definedname ]
  [ statements ]
  [ Exit Function ]
  [ statements ]
End Function

Example:

 Sub Main()
    Dim intX As Integer = 2
    Dim intY As Integer = 3
    Console.WriteLine(intX & " + " & _
      intY & " = " & Sum(intX, intY))
    Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to continue...")
    Console.ReadLine()
  End Sub

  Function Sum(ByVal a As Integer, ByVal b As Integer) As Long
    Return a + b
  End Function

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